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日本千葉癌癥中心的Shuichi Hironaka 博士及其同事進行的一項III期臨床試驗比較了紫杉醇和伊立替康對氟嘧啶聯(lián)用鉑類藥物治療后的難治性胃癌患者的療效。研究結(jié)果在線發(fā)表于2013年11月1日的《JCO》雜志上。
研究設(shè)計
研究者進行了一項前瞻性,非盲,平行對照組試驗,219名日本患者隨機分為每周接受一次紫杉醇治療組(n=108)和每周接受兩次伊立替康治療組(n=111),主要終點為總生存(OS),次要終點為無進展生存期(PFS),應(yīng)答率,不良反應(yīng)和接受三線藥物化療的患者比例。
參與試驗患者必須符合下列標準:
· 組織學上確診為轉(zhuǎn)移性或復發(fā)性胃癌
· 東方腫瘤協(xié)作組狀態(tài)評分0——2
· 使用氟嘧啶聯(lián)用鉑類藥物作為一線藥物治療結(jié)束后一個月內(nèi),通過CT或其它成像技術(shù)對疾病進展情況進行確認
· 此前沒有使用過紫杉醇或伊立替康
· 沒有嚴重的腹膜轉(zhuǎn)移
研究結(jié)果
患者在每四周的第1、8和15天時接受80 mg/m2的紫杉醇治療,給藥前30分鐘使用組胺受體-1和受體-2阻斷劑來防止出現(xiàn)過敏。伊立替康組在每四周的第1和15天時用藥150 mg/m2.治療一直持續(xù)到病情有所進展,出現(xiàn)不可接受的嚴重毒性或患者拒絕治療。紫杉醇組平均給藥次數(shù)11.5次,伊立替康組為4.5次。由于病情有進展而停藥的占86.7%,不良反應(yīng)引起的占7.3%,撤回同意的占3.2%,其它原因占2.8%.
治療組之間的OS和PFS沒有顯著性差異。紫杉醇組和伊立替康組中位總生存期沒有顯著性差異(9.5月vs. 8.4月,風險比1.13,95% CI 0.86-1.49,P=0.38)。紫杉醇組PFS平均值為3.6月,伊立替康組為2.3月(HR 1.14, 95% CI0.88-1.49)。紫杉醇組應(yīng)答率為20.9%,伊立替康組為13.6%.紫杉醇組有89.8%的患者接受三線藥物化療,伊立替康組有72.1%,存在顯著性差異(P=0.001)。紫杉醇組有四分之三的患者使用伊立替康作為三線化療藥。在伊立替康組,超過一半患者使用含有紫杉烷的治療方案作為三線治療。
3級和4級不良反應(yīng)包括中性粒細胞減少癥(紫杉醇組28.7%,伊立替康組39.1%),貧血癥(21.3% vs.30%),和厭食癥(7.4% vs.17.3%)。伊立替康組2名患者的死亡原因為嚴重的肺炎和胃穿孔。
結(jié)論
每周使用一次紫杉醇與每周使用兩次伊立替康作為二線藥物治療晚期胃癌的療效相似。這項試驗的局限在于樣本量少。
原文摘要
Abstract
Purpose This phase III study compared treatment with weekly paclitaxel and biweekly irinotecan in patients with advanced gastric cancer refractory to treatment with fluoropyrimidine plus platinum.
Patients and Methods Patients were randomly assigned to receive either paclitaxel (80 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15, every 4 weeks) or irinotecan (150 mg/m2 on days 1 and 15, every 4 weeks)。 Primary end point was overall survival (OS), and secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS), response rate, adverse events, and proportion of patients who received third-line chemotherapy.
Results Of 223 patients, 219 were eligible for analysis. Median OS was 9.5 months in 108 patients allocated to the paclitaxel group and 8.4 months in 111 patients allocated to the irinotecan group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.13; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.49; P = .38)。 Median PFS was 3.6 months in the paclitaxel group and 2.3 months in the irinotecan group (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.49; P = .33)。 Response rate was 20.9% in the paclitaxel group and 13.6% in the irinotecan group (P = .24)。 Common grade 3 to 4 adverse events were neutropenia (paclitaxel group, 28.7%; irinotecan group, 39.1%), anemia (21.3%; 30.0%), and anorexia (7.4%; 17.3%)。 Treatment-related deaths occurred in two patients (1.8%) in the irinotecan group. Third-line chemotherapy was administered in 97 patients (89.8%) after paclitaxel treatment and in 80 patients (72.1%) after irinotecan treatment (P = .001)。
Conclusion No statistically significant difference was observed between paclitaxel and irinotecan for OS. Both are reasonable second-line treatment options for advanced gastric cancer.
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